Alia Sultan Assessment 1

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161907522100 Health Sciences DivisionAssessment 1.1Course Name Evidence- Based Practice Course Code HNR 4023Date Week 5 Due date: September 26, 2019Maximum Marks 15 Percentage of Final Grade. 15%Student Name Alia Sultan AlketbiStudent ID H00329326Course Learning Outcomes Assessed CLO 1- Formulate the right clinical questions using the PICO format (5%)CLO 2- Demonstrate competence in seeking the level of evidence to answer the clinical question.(10%)Instructions: Academic Honesty Statement In accordance with HCT policy LP201- Academic Honesty• Students are required to refrain from all forms of academic dishonesty as defined and explained in HCT procedures and directions from HCT personnel. • A student found guilty of having committed acts of academic dishonesty may be subject to one or more of the disciplinary measures as outlined in Article 33 of the Student and Academic Regulations.إفادة الأمانة الأكاديميةوفقًا لسياسة كليات التقنية العليا – LP201 الأمانة الأكاديمية• يُطلب من الطلبة الامتناع عن كافة أشكال سوء الأمانة الأكاديمية، كما هو مبيّن وموضح في السياسات والإجراءات الخاصة بكليات التقنية العليا، والتوجيهات الصادرة من موظفي الكليات.• في حالة ارتكاب الطالب أي شكل من أشكال سوء الأمانة الأكاديمية سوف يتعرض الى واحد أو أكثر من التدابير التأديبية على النحو المبين في المادة 33 من الأنظمة الأكاديمية.Student Signature: _______alia______________________________________ For Examiner’s Use OnlyQuestion (Section) No. 1 2 Total %Marks Allocated 10 5 15 100Marks Obtained 106428615127000Course Title: HNR 4023 Evidence- Based PracticeStudent Name: Alia Sultan AlketbiStudent Number: H00329326Faculty: Raed Al ShudifatDate: 29-09-2019Exercise and DASH diet effect on Hypertension The databases that has been used to get information for this research are PubMed, google schooler, and HCT libraries. The aim of this research is to discuss about the effect of non-pharmacological treatment on hypertension and to compare which one is more effective in controlling and reducing high blood pressure. The purpose of chosen this topic is because hypertension which is the medical definition of high blood pressure and it defined as the force of blood circulating in the walls of the arteries (Wexler, B., & Frey, R. J., 2013) is higher than normal and the systolic and diastolic pressure exceed 120/80 and 140/90. Hypertension considered a risk factor that cause morbidity and mortality and it associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke that people from around the world could suffer and according to the article the prevalence of hypertension in 2010 is that 31.1% of the world’s adults had hypertension (Mills, K. T., Bundy, J. D., 2016), and it is important to know how it can be prevented and decreased and there are different type of interventions used to treat and control this disease and these interventions could be pharmacological and non-pharmacological, which is using certain type of medications to treat and control hypertension and keep it within normal range which considered that the blood pressure is between 120/80 to 140/90, but some people prefer to exchange the medication by using other ways to control it through maintaining a healthy lifestyle by exercising, diet, and other healthy habits. People need to know about every possible solution exist to this problem so they can have the choice of which way they want to be treated rather it is by medications or the other ways, and in this research paper I will discuss furthermore about using non-pharmacological interventions to control hypertension and focus particularly on exercise and DASH diet. Studies has shown that exercise and diet are both effective on reducing and preventing high blood pressure as mentioned below more about the reason that make it effective, and the result of reducing and preventing blood pressure can be better when performing both diet and exercise together.ExerciseStarting with exercise which is the first non-pharmacological intervention used to control and reduced high blood pressure I will be discussing in this research. Exercise can be beneficial for both healthy and diseased individual in many ways, and there are various ways of exercise that can be performed by an individual with hypertension such as aerobic and walking. Studies has shown that performing these types of physical activities can help in reducing and controlling high blood pressure, according to this article that high intensity aerobic exercises can result in a greater change in arterial stiffness, insulin resistance, endothelia function, and changes in vascular function or structure following exercise. The efficacy of exercise, especially aerobic showed that BP reductions has also been widely accepted and esteemed, and according to the article 15% of US adult had meet the exercise recommendation and reported decreased in blood pressure after exercising in long term (Sabbahi, A., Arena, R., 2016).DASH dietAdditionally, the type of food and component that is consumed can affect on health either positively or negatively. For prevention of hypertension the first line therapy recommended for patients is healthy diet and changes in nutrition since high sodium, fat, salt diet can increase blood pressure, so The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended for those who suffer from hypertension because this diet is effective in managing and prevent rising of blood pressure, and this diet contain a fruit, low-fat dairy foods, less salt, vegetables, and whole grains. An experiment has been done on 412 participant who was randomly assigned in US to perform DASH diet and eat a low sodium food for 30 days, and according to the article “Reducing the sodium intake from the high to the intermediate level reduced the systolic blood pressure by 1.3 mm Hg (P=0.03) during the DASH diet” (Sacks, F. M., Svetkey, L. P., 2001) which says that DASH diet can result in reducing blood pressure.PICOT is a well-built question for evidence-based research and used by nurses to formulate effective and organized clinical question. In this research the PICOT question is:In patients with hypertension, what was the effect of daily exercise regimen (Aerobic, walking) on blood pressure compared with DASH diet?Population: people with hypertensionIntervention: daily exercise (Aerobic, walking)Comparison: DASH dietOutcome: reduce high blood pressureCriteria:The articles that has been used in this research fit the criteria and answer my PICOT question and the information are consistent, trustworthy and can be used as reliable resource for this research.Keywords: Hypertension, DASH Diet, Exercise, Treatment, Effect.ReferenceKim, H., & Andrade, F. C. (2016). Diagnostic status of hypertension on the adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. Preventive medicine reports, 4, 525–531. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.09.009https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061059/Wexler, B., & Frey, R. J. (2013). Hypertension. In Gale (Ed.), The Gale encyclopedia of nursing and allied health (3rd ed.). Farmington, MI: Gale. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.hct.ac.ae/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/galegnaah/hypertension/0?institutionId=1580Mills, K. T., Bundy, J. D., Kelly, T. N., Reed, J. E., Kearney, P. M., Reynolds, K., … He, J. (2016). Global Disparities of Hypertension Prevalence and Control: A Systematic Analysis of Population-Based Studies From 90 Countries. Circulation, 134(6), 441–450. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018912https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4979614/pdf/nihms-798567.pdfCornelissen, V. A., & Smart, N. A. (2013). Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2(1), e004473.‏https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.112.004473Sabbahi, A., Arena, R., Elokda, A., & Phillips, S. A. (2016). Exercise and hypertension: uncovering the mechanisms of vascular control. Progress in cardiovascular diseases, 59(3), 226-234.‏https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0033062016301062Sacks, F. M., Svetkey, L. P., Vollmer, W. M., Appel, L. J., Bray, G. A., Harsha, D., … & Karanja, N. (2001). Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. New England journal of medicine, 344(1), 3-10.‏ https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm200101043440101